Data Recovery Terms Explained
Data recovery jobs tend to fall into two distinct camps called logical and physical. The term physical is used to describe hard drive and media failures that can be classed as a mechanical failure of some sort but occasionally there is a crossover between the two
Physical categories just as the name implies are problems that can affect storage media due to some form of mechanical failure. Often mechanical failures will require a hard drive repair of some description but if the problem is caught early enough and for some types of physical failure a hard disk repair may not be necessary.
Physical failures may include head crashes, drive degradation causing bad sectors, actuator failure, power surges that damage the main PCB, hard drive motor damage, firmware corruption, seized bearings, media damage, controller errors, platter damage, heating and ventilation issues.
Some mechanical problems if not diagnosed early enough can go on to cause further damage and irrecoverable data problems for example a head drive crash. When the head crashes it can create particles in the drive which subsequently can cause further crashes and then a vicious spiral ensues until the data on the platter is beyond recovery.
The term logical failure is generally used to describe a file level problem some of which may simply be due to human error for example accidently deleting a file or even perhaps formatting a drive accidently (or perhaps intentionally by a disgruntled employee). Where malicious data loss has occurred this is often referred to computer forensics expert to trace the culprit.
Other logical failures include for example lost files and folder, virus attacks causing damage to system files making it impossible to access data, destroyed file tables, corrupted files, bad MFT records possibly caused by boot sector viruses, partition errors, and the operating system not being able to access the drive in order for you to actually use the computer.
Physical problems such as hard drive or media degradation can cause file level problems as well especially in the warmer months of the year when computers are prone to overheating, so although you may not need any apparent form of computer repair or laptop repair do not overlook the need for essential computer maintenance which can help you avoid potential data loss problems.